Recreational water facilities, also known as splash parks, splash pads, spray grounds, wet decks, or spray parks, have surged in popularity over the past decade. These interactive play areas feature water that is sprayed, splashed, or poured onto visitors, with immediate drainage to prevent water accumulation. While these attractions offer abundant fun, they also come with unique risks for both residents and guests.
Follow these tips to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.
Check state and local regulations
Regulations for recreational water facilities vary by state and municipality. These facilities are usually considered special use and require various approvals before, during, and after construction. For example, in Ohio, design plans must be submitted to the state’s health department before construction. The site must also be inspected during and after construction, and once approved, local health department officials issue a license.
It's crucial to check with state and local officials before breaking ground to ensure compliance with all regulations. Recreational water facilities should only be constructed, operated, maintained, and supervised by organizations with the appropriate approvals and credentials.
Secure adequate insurance
Insurance is a critical aspect of managing a recreational water facility. It protects against potential liabilities and ensures financial stability in the event of an incident.
A quick search online reveals numerous premises liability lawsuits related to splash pad incidents. These lawsuits often involve injuries, electrocution, and even deaths linked to rare bacterial infections. Premises liability entails the responsibility of property owners, landlords, and property managers to uphold a secure environment for both tenants and visitors. When individuals suffer injuries or harm due to unsafe property conditions, property stakeholders can be held liable through civil lawsuits.
Consult with your insurance professional to tailor your coverage to the specific risks associated with your facility. Regularly review and update your insurance policies to ensure they provide adequate protection.
Implement monitoring and maintenance procedures
Maintaining a recreational water facility is essential to prevent contamination and the spread of recreational water illnesses (RWIs), caused by germs and chemicals in the water. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), RWIs spread through swallowing, breathing in mists, or contact with contaminated water.
To maintain water chemistry and prevent RWIs:
- For recirculated water systems, check chlorine levels several times a day, backwash filters regularly, and ensure circulation and turnover rates comply with health codes.
- Clean play areas to maintain traction and prevent slip and fall injuries. Disinfect regularly with bleach and wipe down water features.
- If the play area is unguarded or unfenced, monitor for pets, debris, and other contaminants.
In case of contamination:
- Drain the play area and recirculation system.
- Perform multiple cleaning cycles, as bacteria like E. coli are extremely resistant.
- Disinfect the entire area and equipment according to the CDC’s "Fecal Incident Response Recommendations for Pool Staff" before reopening.
Post clear procedures for maintenance staff, including:
- Testing water regularly and taking corrective actions for unsanitary conditions.
- Maintaining a cleaning schedule for holding tanks and play areas.
- Responding appropriately to incidents that affect user health.
To enhance safety:
- Enclose or fence the facility to prevent unauthorized access and wandering children.
- Equip the facility with appropriate safety and emergency equipment, such as first-aid supplies, an emergency telephone, drinking water, and blankets.
- Train staff in emergency response, including handling water pollution incidents.
Conduct daily inspections
Perform daily pre-opening and closing inspections:
- Maintain a log and keep records of checks.
- Add fresh water, filter, and disinfect water daily.
- Report accidents, incidents, and emergencies.
- Record equipment breakdowns and repairs.
- Ensure grating and drain covers are secure.
- Keep the play area clean and free from obstacles like broken glass, garbage, or bird feces.
- Clear surfaces of mold, moss, or algae to prevent slipping.
- Ensure water chemistry is adequate and equipment is operational.
Post safety rules
Develop and post rules to provide clear guidelines for using the facility. Suggested rules include:
- Supervising children at all times.
- Prohibiting running, tripping, or rough play.
- Posting safety rules and regulations, including hours of operation, age groups, and supervision requirements.
- Restricting use for those with open sores, rashes, or gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Prohibiting use during electrical storms or when thunder is heard.
- Requiring swim diapers for children under four.
- Encouraging the use of chemical-free sunscreen and handwashing after toilet use or diaper changes.
- Prohibiting the swallowing of water from the play area.
- Banning glass containers, food, beverages, and pets in the play area to prevent pollution.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure your recreational water facility remains a safe and enjoyable environment for all visitors. Contact our Risk Control and Consulting team with any questions or concerns.
This article is for general information only. HAI Group makes no representation or warranty about the accuracy or applicability of this information for any particular use or circumstance. Your use of this information is at your own discretion and risk. HAI Group and any author or contributor identified herein assume no responsibility for your use of this information. You should consult with your attorney or subject matter advisor before adopting any risk management strategy or policy.
